In IoT World, we are starting from analog world and connecting to digital cloud and hence multiple layers play the role in the middle.Sensors
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In general, an IoT application (solution) can be divided into three segments:
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1. Sensors or Actuators
Sensors and Actuators actuators are the physical touch points to the physical world. They come in two categories - Analog and Digital. Analog sensors need electronics to convert analog signals to digital output. Digital Sensors have this electronics as part of the sensor.
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital
MCU
2. MCUs
Data coming directly from sensors and actuators
Sensors and Actuators can't be connected as it is to high end computers, who only provide serial interfaces like Bluetooth, USB, DB9, etc. There is intermediary electronics required to take analog or digital signals, compute the information and forward it upstream or vice-versa. Computed information from sensor is passed on a communication channel or forward the message from communication channel to actuator by using embedded software on the MCU.
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